• br sGC cGMP PKG pathway in regulation

  2022-05-25

  

  sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway in regulation of platelet small GTPases All classical Rho family members of small GTPases including RhoA, Rac, Cdc42, some atypical Rho GTPases like RhoB, RhoF and RhoG, and also Ras family members N-Ras, K-Ras, Rap1A, Rap1B, Rap2A and Rap2B, and the Ras-related GTPases of th

• The gsnor ko plants contain

  2022-05-25

  

  The gsnor-ko plants contain elevated amount of low and high molecular weight S-nitrosothiols (SNO) indicating that GSNOR activity controls the level of both GSNO and indirectly protein-SNOs [13], [17], [18]. GSNOR deficiency has been shown to cause pleiotropic plant growth defects, impaired plant di

• br Introduction In the treatment of patients

  2022-05-25

  

  Introduction In the treatment of patients with AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), anti-retroviral therapy (ART), which uses anti-HIV drugs such as protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors and reverse transferase inhibitors, has made a major contribution. There are still some s

• br Specificity of CD T cells and their role

  2022-05-25

  

  Specificity of CD4 T cells and their role in flavivirus neutralizing antibody responses CD4 T cells recognize peptides that are proteolytically processed from protein antigens and presented by MHC class II molecules on the surface of specialized antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells o

• In conclusion the present study demonstrated

  2022-05-25

  

  In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that peripheral nerve exposure to HIV gp120 increased the expression levels of the P2Y12 receptor in DRG SGCs and enhanced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rat models. Up-regulation of the P2Y12 receptor in DRG SGCs further promoted the release of

• Some studies show that testosterone may be involved in regul

  2022-05-25

  

  Some studies show that testosterone may be involved in regulating cell proliferation and its stimulating effect has been proved in castrated rats (Wainwright et al., 2011), but not in mice and meadow voles (Ormerod and Galea, 2003; Benice and Raber, 2010). However, the seasonal difference in cell pr

• br Introduction Opioids have long been used in pain manageme

  2022-05-25

  

  Introduction Opioids have long been used in pain management [1]. However, their non-medical use has grown rapidly in the last few years. Hydrocodone (HYD) is one of the most widely used short-acting opioids; with over 136.7 million prescriptions in 2011 [2]. HYD is a semi-synthetic opioid used fo

• Up to now the research about the

  2022-05-25

  

  Up to now, the research about the effect of PAs on inhibiting carbohydrase activity in vitro or reducing blood sugar level in vivo was mainly reported in PAs from grape seeds, Lepisanthes alata (Malay cherry) leaves, sorghum, pomegranate, cranberry and persimmon (Banerji and Banerjee, 2016, Barrett

• C steroids and their glycosylation products distribute widel

  2022-05-25

  

  C21 steroids and their glycosylation products distribute widely in Asclepiadaceae plants. Their anticancer activities have been shown in different human cell lines and in vivo animal experiments [[27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32]]. However, the mechanisms of their anticancer activities are still un

• Many studies support that Gli transcription

  2022-05-25

  

  Many studies support that Gli transcription factors are not solely regulated by Hh/smo signaling but are also influenced by crosstalk with other pathways, such as RAS, PI3K/AKT, transforming growth factor-b/SMAD, PKC, or extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways which are downstream and indepen

• br SMO antagonists pitfalls and limitations

  2022-05-25

  

  SMO antagonists: pitfalls and limitations The first Hh inhibitor discovered was cyclopamine, a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from Veratrum californicum[21], which inactivates SMO by directly binding to its hepathelical bundle. Nevertheless, cyclopamine has shown several limitations as a d

• In a series of experiments the clotrimazole concentration wa

  2022-05-25

  

  In a series of experiments, the clotrimazole concentration was varied and the NSVDC channel conductances were calculated from Eq. (1) to obtain the dose-response relation (Fig. 3). The data were fitted to the Michaelis–Menten-type activation curve (Eq. (3)) and gave an EC50 value of 14 μM and a dose

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported under

  2022-05-24

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported under the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers 31200576, 21472197, 21675162), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 7182189), and Project supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant

• In terms of cytotoxicity studies

  2022-05-24

  

  In terms of cytotoxicity studies under two-dimensional cell culture conditions, only two of the above-mentioned publications with liposomal formulations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors reported viability data as compared to respective free drugs. On the one hand, liposomal gefitinib exerted strongly r

• The ETA receptor has a

  2022-05-24

  

  The ETA receptor has a higher affinity for endothelin-1 than the two other agonists, with an affinity order of endothelin-1>endothelin-2>endothelin-3, while the ETB receptor exhibits similar affinities for all three isopeptides (Arai et al., 1990b, Sakurai et al., 1990). Earlier studies of the selec

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