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br Pathophysiology of glaucoma Glaucoma is
2022-02-16
Pathophysiology of glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies defined by progressive degeneration of RGCs and their VX-765 in the optic nerve, which leads to irreversible loss of vision [3,8,9]. RGC degeneration is often significantly advanced before changes in visual acuity and evidence
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Limited efforts were made to exploit the naturally occurring
2022-02-15
Limited efforts were made to exploit the naturally-occurring antigen-specific Treg for ex vivo expansion. This study sets up a reproducible protocol for the expansion of insulin-specific Treg isolated from NOD mice. These 449 exhibited higher suppressive capacity compared to the polyclonal Treg and
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br Differences among flavivirus vaccines and
2022-02-15
Differences among flavivirus vaccines and implications for CD4 T cell immunity There are currently three classes of flavivirus vaccines in use – live-attenuated virus (for immunoprophylaxis against YF and JE), whole inactivated virus vaccines (JE, TBE) and chimeric vaccines (JE, DEN). The chimeri
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CD binding to gp causes a large
2022-02-15
CD4 binding to gp120 causes a large scale conformational change of gp120 which involves the gp120 core structure and the transitions of inner-domain layers (layer 1, 2 and 3), but also involves the movement of the major loops (V1, V2 and V3) [16], [17], [18], [19]. For instance, the V2-loop joins th
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The relationship between estrogen and the Hedgehog pathway a
2022-02-15
The relationship between estrogen and the Hedgehog pathway as well as the associated mechanism have already been investigated in many tissues, especially in breast cancer (Chang et al., 2012, Katayama et al., 2006, Ramaswamy et al., 2012). Hitherto, even though we have proved that HH-Gli pathway pro
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Most excitingly we found the increased cells hold the abilit
2022-02-15
Most excitingly, we found the increased δ-cells hold the ability to trans-differentiate into β-cells in T1D mice. It has been shown that after near-total β-cell loss, juvenile mice display δ-to-β-cell conversion to recover diabetes, involving de-differentiation, proliferation and re-expression of is
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br Materials and methods br
2022-02-15
Materials and methods Results Discussion Our study demonstrates that human GIP(3-30)NH2 is a selective GIPR antagonist that inhibits both GIP-mediated cAMP signaling, β-arrestin recruitment, and GIPR internalization. Furthermore, we demonstrate that human GIP(3-30)NH2 binds with high affini
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AZD0156 sale The eradication of agonist activity in compound
2022-02-15
The eradication of agonist activity in compound was also confirmed in the ex vivo growth hormone (GH) release experiment conducted in isolated primary rat pituitary AZD0156 sale as shown in . Compound did not produce any noticeable GH secretion at up to 10μM concentration. It could also antagoniz
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br Introduction Conversion of visual input into electrical i
2022-02-15
Introduction Conversion of visual input into electrical information and routing this information to the brain is the main function of the eye (Levin et al., 2011). These processes require a microenvironment that offers adequate supply with oxygen and nutrients and also removal of all unwanted and
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Based on the above considerations the
2022-02-15
Based on the above considerations, the β-galactosidase gene from Exiguobacterium acetylicum MF03 (not previously reported) was cloned, expressed and purified with the aim of assessing the potential of this novel enzyme for catalyzing reactions of synthesis and hydrolysis of glycosides. Because of E.
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br Fenton reaction based nanomaterials
2022-02-15
Fenton reaction-based nanomaterials for ferroptosis In Fenton reaction, H2O2 is converted by Fe2+ or Fe3+ to highly oxidative ROS (Eqs. (1) and (2)), which is commonly used to catalyze the degradation of refractory organics [34]. Since the tumor microenvironment is characterized by low acidity an
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ADAM has two alternative splicing
2022-02-15
ADAM12 has two alternative splicing forms, a membrane-anchored long form (ADAM12-L) and a secreted short form (ADAM12-S). Both the long and short forms have metalloproteinase, disintegrin, cysteine-rich, and epidermal growth factor-like domains and can shed pro-heparin binding-epidermal growth facto
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Zaragozic Acid A Previous studies have shown that
2022-02-15
Previous studies have shown that ox-LDL-induced hepatic sinus dysfunction is the result of multiple pathways, multi-factorial regulation, and in the present study, we reported for the first time that ox-LDL regulates the basement membrane protein VN through the integrin αvβ5 pathway under high gluco
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br STAR Methods br Author Contributions
2022-02-15
STAR★Methods Author Contributions Introduction Hyaluronan, a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is produced by hyaluronan synthases (HASs) and degraded by hyaluronidases (HYALs) (Vigetti et al., 2014). Physiologically, hyaluronan exists in a form with a molecular weight of
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br Pharmacological anti aging approaches
2022-02-15
Pharmacological anti-aging approaches and the Hippo pathway Aging and age-related pathologies are the main causes of disabilities and death. As Magalhañes and colleagues suggest, the challenges of developing anti-aging pharmacological therapies may, in part, be due to the complexity of aging mole
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