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So far several methods have been
2021-11-06
So far, several methods have been used to monitor the level of GJC and its regulation in astrocytes studied in acute Angiotensin 1/2 (1-9) mg slices (see Giaume et al., 2012). This mainly includes approaches based either on electrophysiological properties of gap junction channels or on “dye couplin
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Cellular inhibition is caused by
2021-11-06
Cellular inhibition is caused by the hyperpolarization of the cell and is mediated by both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAARs. Synaptic GABAARs are sensitive to high concentrations of GABA released at the synapse and mediate phasic inhibition. In contrast, extrasynaptic GABAARs mediate tonic inhibit
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TXNIP interacts with various proteins
2021-11-06
TXNIP interacts with various proteins, including NLRP3 (Yoshihara et al., 2014, Zhou et al., 2010). Emerging evidence suggests that TXNIP plays a role in ER stress-mediated cell death and in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation step (Abderrazak et al., 2015, Lerner et al., 2012, Oslowski et al., 2012,
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In soft agar colony formation assay
2021-11-06
In soft agar colony formation assay, transformed Triclosan indicate anchorage-independent growth and colony formation without attachment on the bottom of cell culture plate. This assay can investigate transformation and tumorigenic activities [24]. Our recent study showed that the long-term 5-FU tre
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br Methods and materials br
2021-11-06
Methods and materials Conflict of interest statement Introduction Ferroptosis (ferro = “ferrous ion (Fe2+)”, ptosis = “fall”), implicating the crucial role of cellular iron played in cell death, is a new form of nonapoptotic programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent accumulation
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br Conclusions According to our results we may
2021-11-06
Conclusions According to our results we may suggest that FAS c.-671AG polycomb repressive complex or G allele and FASLG gene c.-844T allele were not to be a risk factor, whereas FASLG gene c.-844TC genotype may be protective in the studied Turkish population. Because of the limited sample size i
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Overall we partially confirmed our predictions
2021-11-06
Overall, we partially confirmed our predictions, and, when compared to the other existing dataset exploring the interaction among CRFR1, FAAH, and anxiety, our data are somewhat confirmatory. Demers and colleagues (Demers et al., 2016) found one (protective) CRFR1 minor allele (rs110402) and the (le
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Histamine which was used as
2021-11-06
Histamine, which was used as the agonist, had low potencies in our functional experiments when compared to its affinity from binding studies (e.g. Lim et al., 2005). This phenomenon is related to the fact that the coupling of the presynaptic receptor to the transduction machinery and the final funct
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Histamine modulates an attentional state which might
2021-11-06
Histamine modulates an attentional state, which might affect performances in the object recognition test. Indeed, systemic injection of H3 receptor inverse agonists enhances the attentional state (41). However, the memory recovery in our study is unlikely to be due to the enhanced attentional state.
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Introduction Hedgehog HH signaling regulates development
2021-11-06
Introduction Hedgehog (HH) signaling regulates development, cell proliferation, and tissue repair [1], [2], [3]. In mammals, HH signaling is activated by 3 ligands: Sonic hedgehog (SHH), Indian hedgehog (IHH), or Desert hedgehog; SHH is the most widely expressed in adult tissues [3]. The primary re
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br Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Czech
2021-11-05
Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports by grants MSM LH11013 and Czech Grant Agency (501/12/0590). David Kopečný and Martina Kopečná were supported by the grant LO1204 from the National Program of Sustainability I by the Ministry of Educat
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Our study has strengths and limitations We believe we are
2021-11-05
Our study has strengths and limitations. We believe we are the 1st to report a novel model of secondary hypogonadism. Several animal models for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (kisspeptin and the kisspeptin receptor knockout) exist but we are unaware of animal models of secondary hypogonadism with dif
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Young et al described the role of adenine
2021-11-05
Young et al. [40] described the role of adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the translocation of GLUT4 in the heart. The AMPK is activated during muscle contraction [74] by converting AMP to ATP. The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), is a c
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Insulin de sensitization has been observed
2021-11-05
Insulin de-sensitization has been observed in the brains of people with AD [51], [52], [53] and we previously demonstrated that the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide was able to reverse this [54]. Importantly, LY2606368 HCl insulin de-sensitization correlates well with cognitive decline [15], [55] and wit
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When testing the novel DA CH peptide it
2021-11-05
When testing the novel DA-CH3 peptide, it was found that it is superior to liraglutide in the MPTP mouse model of PD at a dose of 25 nmol/kg ip once-daily for 7 days. In the Rotarod and grip strength assessment, DA-CH3 was superior to liraglutide in reversing the MPTP–induced motor impairment. Dopam
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